Do you know that Paraguay, for decades, prohibited its citizens to marry inside their own race? White men were obligated to marry indigenous or black women!
Because of its location, in the heart of the fourth continent (look at the world map), Paraguay has been nicknamed El Corazon de America del Sur (the Heart of South America). The name Paraguay came from the Paraguay River that separates the countries into two.
Paraguay has common borders with Bolivia, Argentina, and Brazil. It no longer has common borders with Uruguay since it lost half of its territory after the war against the Triple Alliance (1864-1870). It has no coastline (landlocked).
Its population is 7.02 million who live over an area of 407,000 square kilometers (the size of California). However, most Paraguayans live in the smaller Eastern and Southern part of the country. The large but dry Gran Chaco region, the size of England, covers 60% of the country; it is uninhabitable.
Paraguay has two official languages: Guarani spoken by 90% of the population, Spanish spoken by 75%. Most Paraguayans are bilingual. Jopara is a creole language. A mixture of Spanish and Guarani.
Roman Catholicism, practiced by 89.6% of the population, is the largest religion.
The average Paraguayan is 28.7 years old. Life expectancy at the birth is 77.6 years. Infant mortality is 18.1 deaths by 1,000 births. The obesity rate is 20.1%.
Once a very rich country in the 19th century, Paraguay is much poorer now. The GDP (PPP) is $88.9 billion, growing at an annual rate of 4%. The debt to GDP ratio is 25.9%. One (1) US dollar is worth $6,000 Guarani. The unemployment rate is 20.8%. The GINI coefficient is 51.7%. About 29% of the population live below the poverty level. The literacy rate is 95.1%.
Today’s Paraguay is a constitutional republic, anchored on universal suffrage. The president is elected for one non-renewable five-year term. The legislature is made of the House of Representatives and the Senate.
The area occupied by present-day Paraguay has been home to the indigenous Guaranis, since at least 1,000 years before the European invaders descended upon them in 1516.
Juan Espinoza founded Asuncion in 1537, along with the Eastern banks of the Paraguay River.
Paraguay became independent from Spain on May 14, 1811. It rapidly became prosperous. During the major war against Uruguay, Paraguay, and Brazil (Triple Alliance), the country lost 70% of its male population. After the abdication, there were 28,000 men and 200,000 women left in the entire country. A campaign of re-population was successful in attracting Europeans (Germans, Italians, Poles, Ukrainians) but also Australians.
Paraguay tried to remain neutral during the World Wars. It is reported that tens of thousands of Nazis found refuge in Paraguay after World War II. Eventually, the government espoused the Allied position against Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.
Alfredo Stroessner’s 35-year dictatorship (1954-1989) was a guardrail against communism. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the country veered to the left, but the trend did not last.
Over the last two decades, Paraguay weathered several political storms. Nowadays, the Heart of South America seems to have stabilized under the governance of President Mario Abdo Benitez, while the Colorado party is solidly secured at the helm.
The major challenge for the thriving democracy concerns wealth inequality with 2 % of the population owning 77 % of the fertile land. How will Paraguay enact a property redistribution without a street revolution?
The Traveller
(Odler Robert Jeanlouie, Friday, December 14, 2018)
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